Software, or
program, enables a computer to perform specific tasks, as
opposed to the physical components of the system (hardware).
This includes application software such as a word processor,
which enables a user to perform a task, and system software
such as an operating system, which enables other software
to run properly, by interfacing with hardware and with other
software or custom software made to user specifications.
Computer software is so called in contrast to computer hardware,
which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices
required to store and execute the software. In computers,
software is loaded into RAM and executed in the central processing
unit. At the lowest level, software consists of a machine
language specific to an individual processor. A machine language
consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions
(object code), which change the state of the computer from
its preceding state.
Software is an ordered sequence of instructions for changing
the state of the computer hardware in a particular sequence.
It is usually written in high-level programming languages
that are easier and more efficient for humans to use closer
to natural language than machine language. High-level languages
are compiled or interpreted into machine language object code.
Software may also be written in an assembly language, essentially,
a mnemonic representation of a machine language using a natural
language alphabet. Assembly language must be assembled into
object code via an assembler.
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